Kang et al (2021)
In this study, Kang et al. (2021) elucidates the hidden mechanisms between organizational/institutional characteristics and teacher empowerment.
Based on the article, discuss the following questions:
- What type of research is conducted in the article
(exploratory, explanatory, descriptive, program evaluation)? 0.3 points.
- What are the research hypotheses? Are the research hypotheses non directional or directional? 0.3 points.
- Are the null hypotheses stated or implied? If implied, please formulate the null hypotheses. 0.4 points.
- What is the unit of analysis of the study? This is a very trick question. Be sure to check the sample sizes (N) provided in Table 3 on page 11. 0.5 points.
- What is the sample of the study? What is the population of the study that the researchers are generalizing the results to? 0.5 points.
- What is the level of measurement of the six dependent variables in the study (six dimensions of empowerment)? To answer this question, please see Table 2 on page 9. 0.5
- Please see p-values in Table 4 (see Table 4 only). What levels of significance are used in the article? Some p-values for the variables in the models are equal to zero (i.e., p<0.001). In these cases, can we be 100% certain that the difference found is due to a systematic influence of the independent variables and not due to chance? Why or why not? 0.5 points
