What may have motivated the rise of Protestantism in the early sixteenth century?

What may have motivated the rise of Protestantism in the early sixteenth century? You may want to take into account the spiritual/emotional issues of individuals, broad political factors, cultural dynamics, economic trends, and even technological developments (like the printing press). You can consider the rise of the Lutherans, the Reformed tradition (Calvinism), and the Anabaptists. Please cite Gonzalez, the lectures, and Hillerbrand. Check the González vol. 2, chapter 1-8, 12. Hillerbrand: Page14-65, 73-122, 163-181, 205-154. (Hans Hillerbrand, ed., The Protestant Reformation: A Documentary History of Western Civilization (Harper Perennial, 2007))